Salon des Réfusés

Already in 1667, the idea of a juried group exhibition came about. The Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture held a semi-public exhibition of works of art by Academy members considered worthy of Royal Commissions ...  an interesting topic in and of itself. It won’t surprise you that besides members of the Academy,  the jury for these Salons included government officials.

What interests me here is the rebellion just under 200 years later in 1863 when out of 5,000 artist submissions only 2,000 were accepted for the Salon. There was such an uproar that the Emperor himself, Napoleon III, sanctioned an exhibition of the rejected artists in a different part of the Palais de l’Industrie and the Salon des Refusés was born. Fearing a backlash, or being seen as inferior, 1200 artists bowed out leaving an exhibition of only 800 works of art.

Needless to say, the Salon des Réfusés show of rejected artists work was panned, as anything new and innovative invariably is. Here is one of the rejects. Imagine how many millions, no hundreds of millions, it would bring if it were to come on the art market today.

It is not a stretch that nudity was one of the issues for its original rejection, but it was the setting in a major Paris park, Bois de Boulogne, that made the work totally unacceptable. The Emperor, himself, acquired The Birth of Venus by Alexandre Cabanel, from the official Salon for his personal collection. Here a female nude was meticulously depicted in virtuoso technique in a lascivious pose, but the eroticism was cloaked in mythology!

As we all know history always repeats itself in one guise or another. Today we move from Paris to New York and the Brooklyn Museum. In an article in Hyperallergic, Rhea Nayyar announced “Opening on October 4, The Brooklyn Artists Exhibition will celebrate the museum’s 200th anniversary by spotlighting talent across the borough.” For this show, only 216 artists out of 4,000 submissions were accepted, a much smaller percentage than the Paris Salon about 150 years earlier. Do note from this how many artists must live and work in Brooklyn today. President of the Artists’ Coalition, Alicia Degener, said: “We didn’t want people to get rejected twice”.

Maybe not so surprisingly the “Brooklyn Waterfront Artists Coalition” is presenting many of the rejected works in its own exhibition to be known as the “Salon des Réfusés 2024”. The rules are that there can only be one submission per artist, and it may not measure larger than 4x6 feet. A copy of the rejection letter from the museum must be submitted along with a $20 fee “to keep the lights on”. The plan is to include 200 artists and they have already been chosen. The show can be seen from September 21 to October 13 at the Artists Coalition in Redhook, Brooklyn.

To state the obvious, roughly 200 artists in both shows comes to 400, still only 10% of the original 4,000 submissions … can there be a Salon des Refusés des Refusés?!

Quotes for the Moment

First, let me wish you all a Happy Labor Day and as so many will say today, I cannot believe the summer is over. Now we have to again face reality.

I know this is an art blog, but it is also a platform where I can communicate with so many more people than I ever could speak with in person. I can think of few issues that are more important than what is happening in this country today. So, every once in a while, my writings will veer toward the political. For this Missive I have sought out images that for me complement favorite quotations that I have collected over the years.

Let’s start with none other than Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) who is quoted as saying “A Leader is a dealer in hope”. The idealized vision of Napoleon Crossing the Alps commissioned by Charles IV of Spain, from Jacques Louis David, now in the Napoleon Museum, Malmaison. It has been called propaganda. What do you expect in an election year? We learned from the recent Democratic Convention that one candidate is offering us hope at this time.

In this drawing by Honoré Daumier (1808-1879) called “The Accusation” from the Morgan Library let’s say the indignant Judge is yelling at the defendant. I could imagine him then quoting German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) “I'm not upset that you lied to me, I'm upset that from now on I can't believe you.”

On the long-running series “Shark Tank, investor Rohan Oza said, “If you are not willing to break through the wall you are bound to end up behind it” We heard at the Democratic Convention the cry “We are not going back”. Both remind me of the surrealist painter, René Magritte’s, “False Mirror” (1928) in the Museum of Modern Art, New York. There have been varying interpretations of this work as there are meant to be for Surrealism. One is the eye is not just a window to the soul, but shapes reality according to our subjective experiences. For me, it is seeing beyond ourselves.

Looking way back the Greek Philosopher Plato (ca. 427 – 348 BC) said, “Wise men speak because they have something to say; Fools speak because they have to say something.” Looking not quite so far back the painter Quentin Masssys (1509-1575) created this masterpiece now in the Phoebus Foundation in Antwerp. Its title, “The world feeds many fools,” was a popular Netherlandish saying.

In the 2005 film “The Interpreter”, Nicole Kidman has a wonderful line, “Vengeance is a lazy form of grief”. The works of art I could find were all about vengeance and not its insecurities, but I think a flag flown by some at the January 6th insurrection says it all, but no one has taken credit for being its creator.

One last quote, "When fascism comes to America, it will come wrapped in the flag and carrying a cross." Is attributed to the writer Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951)

In 1935 as the Nazi’s were gathering momentum, Lewis published a novel, “It Can’t Happen Here” which foresaw the U.S. past president. This image was posted on Facebook by a retired schoolteacher from the Southeast. Though she probably would not mind, in this climate I am not identifying her further.